Integrating Official Statistics and Big Data to Shed the Light of Tourism Performance in West Java from Demand and Supply Approach

Abstract

West Java Province has the second largest tourism potential in Indonesia in terms of the number of domestic tourist trips. The relatively large number of choices and types of tourist attractions, as well as the geographical position of West Java are advantages in attracting tourist interest. However, the majority of tourist visits are only focused on favorite tourist attractions and are not evenly distributed. As a result, the role of the tourism sector in the West Java economy is still not optimal. This research aims to comprehensively look at the performance of tourist attractions in each district/city in West Java from the demand and supply sides by integrating data from official statistics and big data. The demand side including the number of domestic and foreign tourists, ratings, and the number of reviews on Google Maps. While the supply side includes variables from the dimensions of tourism facilities and infrastructure, tourism economy, environmental, and socio-demographics. The index of demand side (IDT) and supply side (IST) calculated and interacted between districts/cities by using a gravity model to form an interaction matrix and further analyzed using social network analysis (SNA). The results of the study show that there are three tourism agglomeration areas, in the western part of West Java with the centers of Depok City, Bogor, Bogor City, and Bekasi City, in the central part with the center of Bandung City, and in the eastern part with the center of Cirebon City. There is a positive relationship pattern between IDT and IST which shows that the development of various tourism supply side factors tends to be followed by an increase in tourist preferences on the demand side. The dominance of urban areas, especially in the western and central tourism agglomeration areas of West Java, is still quite central in the tourism network structure scheme, as seen from the characteristics of degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality. Meanwhile, the role of the agglomeration area in Cirebon City is not significant. The results of the spatial regression analysis confirm that tourism agglomeration is exist.